Free-Staters vote to adopt the Topeka Constitution for Kansas Territory, provisionally banning slavery in Kansas and allowing suffrage for "civilized" male Native Americans, but still excluding blacks from settling in the state.
The Topeka legislature meets to draft a request to Congress for the admission of Kansas as a free state, but it is dispersed by federal soldiers under command of Colonel Edwin Vose Sumner.
Missourians from Weston, Missouri, and some residents of Fort Leavenworth, in Kansas Territory, form the Leavenworth Town Company and found the first official city in Kansas.
As a response to the popular sovereignty provision in the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Society is founded by Eli Thayer and other antislavery advocates to help Free-Staters settle in Kansas Territory.
